• Coal:Coal is a fossil fuel that forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat, which in turn is converted into lignite, then sub-bituminous coal, after that bituminous coal, and lastly anthracite. This involves biological and geological processes that take place over a long period of time. Coal is black or brown in colour.Throughout history coal has been used as an energy resource, primarily burned for the production of electricity and/or heat, and is also used for industrial purposes such as refining metals.
• Sunlight:The sun is a source of sunlight and all forms of energy on earth. Sunlight can be harnessed to generate electricity (solar power). This is achieved by using solar panels which absorbs the solar energy, converts it into electrical energy and stores it for later or immediate use.
• Waves and tides:Waves are generated by wind passing over the surface of the sea, ocean or lake. As long as the waves propagate slower than the wind speed (just above the waves), there is an energy transfer from the wind to the waves. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational force exerted by the moon and the sun and the rotation of the earth. Tides also contain substantial amounts of energy. The energy in the ocean waves and tides can be captured (trapped) to produce mechanical power which is in turn used to generate electricity.
• Wind:Wind is air in motion from low to high pressure region. Wind possesses energy which can be converted by appropriate devices, into mechanical energy, which in turn can be used to generate electricity or do any useful work.
• Water:Water in motion, such as waterfall or cataract, can be harnessed to generate hydroelectricity. First, the kinetic energy in running water is converted into mechanical and then electrical power.
• Biomass:The term “biomass” refers to organic matter that has stored energy through the process of photosynthesis. This can be transferred through the food chain to the animal’s bodies and their wastes, all of which can be converted into energy for everyday human use through processes such as combustion.
• Petroleum (crude oil):Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed from fossilised remains of plants and animals. When refined, it produces various petroleum fractions, which are put to various uses of energy generation. It can be used to power cars and many machines, and burned to produce heat and light or generate electricity.
• Natural gas:Natural gas occurs alongside petroleum. The gas can be burned to generate light and/or heat and harnessed to generate electricity. For example, the natural gas from SongoSongo Island in Kilwa is expected to be piped to Dar es Salaam where it will be used to generate electricity and supplied to homes as liquefied gas to be used for heating and lighting.
• Uranium:This is a radioactive element which produces tremendous amounts of energy upon disintegration (fission) or combination (fusion) of the nuclei of its atoms. This energy (nuclear energy) can be used and is being used by many countries in the world to generate electricity.

Generally uranium, natural gase, crude oil, biomass, water , wind, waves and tide, sunlight and tide have a power to produce energy as discussed above