An apple a day, it is said, keeps a doctor away.

Ecological Requirements

The orchard should be on fertile, well-drained loamy soil, with a slightly acidic to alkaline pH of 5.5 to 6.5. The crop does well in the high-altitude regions of 1800m-2800m above sea level, with rainfall requirements of 1000mm to 1800mm per annum.

Planting

Plant the seedling leaving the graft union three inches or three figures above the ground.

Land preparation

Land should be cleared of all bushes, weeds, and shrubs. Any obstruction, including stones that might prevent root penetration, should also be removed. The holes are dug in a square or rectangular layout at a spacing of 3m by 2m or 3m by 3m for smaller varieties and 4m by 4m or 4m by 5m for the medium and large varieties. The planting hole for apples should be 60cm deep and 60cm wide.

Pruning

Pruning will provide a strong framework for the apples and encourage high yields and the development of juicy and tasty fruits. During the first year, the central shoot is pruned back to one metre from the ground to allow branching, and then three to four strong shoots are selected.

Fertiliser application

Application of fertiliser is done according to the soil requirements. A soil test should be done before planting the apple seedlings. But generally, a month after planting urea/CAN is added to provide Nitrogen to the plant and encourage growth.

Pest and diseases

Major pests include birds, aphids, thrips, spider mites, fruit flies, and codling moths. Diseases include apple scabs, powdery mildew and armillaria root rot. To prevent and control these pests and diseases, ensure certified seedlings. 

Market

The market for apples in Kenya is available. Mr Mutende sells his produce in markets and through referrals. Each fruit may retail from Sh25 to Sh50.